Parizvino, kune akawanda ekugadzira maitiro ezvakagadzirwa zvinhu zvimiro, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa mukugadzira uye kugadzira kwezvimiro zvakasiyana.Nekudaro, tichifunga nezvekubudirira kwekugadzira maindasitiri uye mitengo yekugadzira yeindasitiri yendege, kunyanya ndege dzevagari, zvinokasira kuvandudza nzira yekurapa kuderedza nguva nemitengo.Rapid Prototyping inzira nyowani yekugadzira yakavakirwa pamisimboti ye discrete uye yakaturikidzana kuumba, inova inodhura-inodhura inokurumidza prototyping tekinoroji.Matekinoroji akajairwa anosanganisira compression molding, liquid forming, uye thermoplastic composite zvinhu kugadzira.
1. Mold inodzvanya nekukurumidza prototyping tekinoroji
Iyo yekukurumidza prototyping tekinoroji yekuumbwa inzira inoisa pre-yakaiswa prepreg blanks mu mold mold, uye mushure mekunge mold yavharwa, ma blanks anoumbwa uye anosimbiswa kuburikidza nekupisa nekumanikidza.Iyo yekuumba inomhanyisa inokurumidza, saizi yechigadzirwa ndeyechokwadi, uye mhando yekuumba yakagadzikana uye yakafanana.Yakasanganiswa neautomation tekinoroji, inogona kuwana kugadzirwa kwakawanda, otomatiki, uye yakaderera-mutengo kugadzirwa kwekabhoni fiber composite zvimiro zvezvikamu mumunda wekubhururuka nendege.
Matanho ekuumba:
① Tora yakakwira-simba resimbi mold inoenderana nehukuru hwezvikamu zvinodiwa pakugadzirwa, wobva waisa mold mushina wopisa.
② Gadzirisa izvo zvinodiwa zvinoumbwa zvinhu muchimiro cheforoma.Preforming inhanho yakakosha inobatsira kuvandudza mashandiro ezvikamu zvakapedzwa.
③ Isai zvikamu zvakafanogadzirirwa mu mold inopisa.Wobva wadzvanya mold pane yakanyanya kudzvanywa, kazhinji kubva pa800psi kusvika 2000psi (zvinoenderana nekukora kwechikamu uye rudzi rwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa).
④ Mushure mekusunungura kumanikidza, bvisa chikamu kubva muforoma uye bvisa chero burrs.
Zvakanakira zvekuumba:
Nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, kuumba inyanzvi inozivikanwa.Chikamu chechikonzero nei ichizivikanwa ndechekuti inoshandisa advanced composite zvinhu.Zvichienzaniswa nezvikamu zvesimbi, zvinhu izvi zvinowanzosimba, zvakareruka, uye zvakanyanya kusaita ngura, zvichikonzera kuti zvinhu zvine michina iri nani.
Imwe mukana wekuumba kugona kwayo kugadzira zvikamu zvakaoma kwazvo.Kunyangwe iyi tekinoroji isingakwanise kuzadzisa zvizere kumhanya kwekugadzira kwepurasitiki jekiseni kuumbwa, inopa mamwe maumbirwo ejometri kana ichienzaniswa neyakajairwa laminated composite zvinhu.Kuenzaniswa nepurasitiki jekiseni molding, inobvumirawo kune yakareba fiber, ichiita kuti zvinhu zvisimbe.Naizvozvo, kuumba kunogona kuoneka senzvimbo yepakati pakati pepurasitiki jekiseni kuumba uye laminated composite zvinhu kugadzira.
1.1 SMC Kugadzira Maitiro
SMC ndiyo chidimbu cheshizha simbi inoumba composite zvinhu, kureva, sheet simbi inogadzira zvinhu zvinoumba composite.Iyo mikuru yemidziyo inoumbwa neSMC yakakosha shinda, unsaturated resin, yakaderera shrinkage additives, mafirita, uye akasiyana ekuwedzera.Mukutanga kwema1960, yakatanga kuonekwa muEurope.Muna 1965, United States neJapan zvakatevedzana zvakagadzira tekinoroji iyi.Mukupera kwema1980, China yakaunza advanced SMC mitsara yekugadzira uye maitiro kubva kunze kwenyika.SMC ine mabhenefiti akadai seyepamusoro mashandiro emagetsi, corrosion resistance, huremu huremu, uye nyore uye inochinjika engineering dhizaini.Hunhu hwayo hwemagetsi hunogona kuenzaniswa nezvimwe simbi, saka inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akadai sekutakura, kuvaka, zvemagetsi, uye engineering yemagetsi.
1.2 BMC Kugadzira Maitiro
Muna 1961, iyo unsaturated resin sheet molding compound (SMC) yakagadzirwa neBayer AG kuGermany yakatangwa.Muma1960, Bulk Molding Compound (BMC) yakatanga kusimudzirwa, inozivikanwawo seDMC (Dough Molding Compound) muEurope, iyo yakanga isina kukora mukutanga kwayo (1950s);Zvinoenderana netsanangudzo yeAmerica, BMC iBMC yakakora.Mushure mekugamuchira tekinoroji yeEurope, Japan yakaita budiriro huru mukushandisa nekusimudzira BMC, uye ne1980s, tekinoroji yanga yakura zvakanyanya.Parizvino, iyo matrix inoshandiswa muBMC yakave isina unsaturated polyester resin.
BMC ndeye thermosetting mapurasitiki.Zvichienderana nehunhu hwezvinhu, tembiricha yemudziyo wemushini wekuumba jekiseni haifanirwe kunge yakanyanyisa kufambisa kuyerera kwezvinhu.Naizvozvo, mukuita jekiseni rekuumba yeBMC, kudzora tembiricha yedhiramu yezvinhu kwakakosha, uye hurongwa hwekudzora hunofanirwa kunge huripo kuti ive nechokwadi chekukodzera kwekushisa, kuitira kuti uwane tembiricha yakakwana kubva pachikamu chekudyisa nozzle.
1.3 Polycyclopentadiene (PDCPD) kuumba
Polycyclopentadiene (PDCPD) kuumba kazhinji matrix akachena kwete epurasitiki yakasimbiswa.Iyo PDCPD molding process musimboti, iyo yakabuda muna 1984, ndeyechikamu chimwe chete se polyurethane (PU) molding, uye yakatanga kuvandudzwa neUnited States neJapan.
Telene, inotsigira kambani yeJapan Zeon Corporation (iri muBondues, France), yakawana budiriro huru mukutsvagisa nekusimudzira kwePDCPD uye mashandiro ayo ekutengesa.
Iyo RIM molding process pachayo iri nyore kuita otomatiki uye ine yakaderera mutengo wevashandi kana uchienzaniswa nemaitiro akadai seFRP kupfapfaidza, RTM, kana SMC.Mutengo wekuumbwa unoshandiswa nePDCPD RIM wakadzikira zvakanyanya pane weSMC.Semuyenzaniso, injini hood mold yeKenworth W900L inoshandisa nickel shell uye cast aluminium core, ine yakaderera density resin ine chaiyo gravity ye 1.03 chete, iyo isingangodzikisi mutengo asiwo inoderedza uremu.
1.4 Yakananga Pamhepo Kuumbwa kweFiber Yakasimbiswa Thermoplastic Inoumbwa Zvishandiso (LFT-D)
Around 1990, LFT (Long Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics Direct) yakaunzwa kumusika muEurope neAmerica.CPI Kambani iri muUnited States ndiyo kambani yekutanga pasi rose kugadzira yakananga mumutsara inoumbwa refu fiber yakasimbisa thermoplastic yekuumba michina uye inoenderana tekinoroji (LFT-D, Direct In Line Mixing).Yakapinda mukushanda kwekutengeserana muna 1991 uye iri mutungamiri wepasi rose mundima iyi.Diffenbarcher, kambani yeGermany, yave ichitsvakurudza teknolojia yeLFT-D kubvira 1989. Parizvino, pane kunyanya LFT D, Tailored LFT (iyo inogona kuwana kusimbiswa kwenzvimbo kunobva pakushungurudzika kwemaitiro), uye Advanced Surface LFT-D (inooneka nzvimbo, yakakwirira yepamusoro. quality) matekinoroji.Kubva pamaonero emutsetse wekugadzira, nhanho yeDiffenbarcher's press yakakwira zvakanyanya.Iyo D-LFT extrusion system yeGerman Coperation kambani iri munzvimbo inotungamira pasirese.
1.5 Mouldless Casting Manufacturing Technology (PCM)
PCM (Pattern less Casting Manufacturing) inogadzirwa neLaser Rapid Prototyping Center yeTsinghua University.Iyo yekukurumidza prototyping tekinoroji inofanirwa kuiswa kune yechinyakare resin jecha kukanda maitiro.Chekutanga, tora yekukanda CAD modhi kubva kuchikamu cheCAD modhi.Iyo STL faira yekukanda CAD modhi yakaturikidzana kuti iwane muchinjiko-chikamu cheprofile ruzivo, iyo inozoshandiswa kugadzira ruzivo rwekutonga.Munguva yekuumba, muromo wekutanga unomwaya chinonamira pachikamu chimwe nechimwe chejecha nekutonga nekombuta, nepo chechipiri muromo ichipfapfaidza catalyst munzira imwechete.Vaviri vanosangana nekubatana, kuomesa jecha nehupamhi uye kugadzira murwi.Ijecha riri munzvimbo iyo inonamira uye catalyst inoshanda pamwe chete inosimbiswa pamwechete, nepo jecha mune dzimwe nzvimbo rinoramba riri mune granular state.Mushure mekuporesa imwe nhanho, mutsara unotevera unosungirirwa, uye mushure mokunge mashizha ose akabatanidzwa, nzvimbo yepakati inowanikwa.Jecha rekutanga richiri jecha rakaoma munzvimbo dzisina kunamatira, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kubvisa.Nokuchenesa kunze kwejecha rakaoma risina kuvharwa riri pakati, kuumbwa kwekukanda nehumwe rusvingo kunogona kuwanikwa.Mushure mekushandisa kana kuisa pende mukati memukati wejecha mold, inogona kushandiswa kudira simbi.
Iyo yekurapa tembiricha poindi yePCM process inowanzo kutenderedza 170 ℃.Iyo chaiyo inotonhora yekuisa uye inotonhora yekubvisa inoshandiswa muPCM maitiro akasiyana nekuumba.Kuisa kutonhora uye kubvisa kutonhora kunosanganisira zvishoma nezvishoma kuisa prepreg pane mold maererano nezvinodiwa zvekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa kana mold iri pamagumo echando, uyezve kuvhara mold neyokuumba press mushure mokunge kuiswa kwapera kuti ipe imwe dzvinyiriro.Panguva ino, mold inodziya uchishandisa muchina wekupisa, Iyo yakajairika maitiro ndeyekusimudza tembiricha kubva mukamuri tembiricha kusvika 170 ℃, uye mwero wekupisa unofanirwa kugadziridzwa zvinoenderana neyakasiyana zvigadzirwa.Zvizhinji zvacho zvinogadzirwa nepurasitiki iyi.Kana tembiricha ye mold ichisvika pakutembiricha yakatarwa, kusungirira uye kuchengetedza kunoitwa kurapa chigadzirwa pakupisa kwakanyanya.Mushure mekurapa kwapera, zvinodikanwawo kushandisa muchina wekushisa mold kutonhora tembiricha yekudziya kusvika kune yakajairika tembiricha, uye mwero wekupisa unoiswawo pa3-5 ℃/min, Woenderera mberi nekuvhura mold uye chikamu chekubvisa.
2. Liquid kugadzira tekinoroji
Liquid yekugadzira tekinoroji (LCM) inoreva nhevedzano yezvakasanganiswa zvinhu zvekugadzira tekinoroji iyo yekutanga nzvimbo yakaoma fiber preforms mune yakavharwa mold mhango, wozojera resin yemvura mugomba mushure mekuvhara mold.Pasi pekumanikidzwa, resin inoyerera uye inonyorovesa fiber.Kuenzaniswa neinopisa yekutsikirira inogona kugadzira maitiro, LCM ine akawanda mabhenefiti, akadai sekuve akakodzera mativi ekugadzira ane yakakwira dimensional kurongeka uye kutaridzika kwakaoma;Mutengo wakaderera wekugadzira uye kushanda kuri nyore.
Kunyanya iyo yakakwirira-kumanikidza RTM maitiro akagadzirwa mumakore achangopfuura, HP-RTM (High Pressure Resin Transfer Molding), yakapfupikiswa seHP-RTM molding process.Zvinoreva kuumbwa kwekushandisa yakakwira-kudzvanywa kusanganisa uye kubaya resin mune vacuum yakavharidzirwa mold pre yakagadzika nefiber yakasimbiswa zvinhu uye pre-embedded components, uyezve kuwana composite zvinhu zvigadzirwa kuburikidza resin kuyerera kuzadza, impregnation, kurapa, uye kudhiza. .Nekudzikisira nguva yejekiseni, zvinotarisirwa kudzora nguva yekugadzira yeaviation zvimiro zvemukati mukati memakumi emaminetsi, kuwana yakakwira fiber yemukati uye yepamusoro-inoshanda zvikamu zvekugadzira.
Iyo HP-RTM yekugadzira maitiro ndeimwe yeanoumbwa zvinhu ekugadzira maitiro anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akawanda.Zvakanakira zvaro zviri mukukwanisa kuwana yakaderera-mutengo, pfupi kutenderera, kugadzirwa kwakawanda, uye kugadzirwa kwemhando yepamusoro (ine yakanaka yepamusoro mhando) zvichienzaniswa nemaitiro eRTM echinyakare.Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana akadai sekugadzira mota, kuvaka ngarava, kugadzira ndege, michina yekurima, kutakura njanji, kugadzira magetsi emhepo, zvinhu zvemitambo, nezvimwe.
3. Thermoplastic composite zvinhu kugadzira tekinoroji
Mumakore achangopfuura, thermoplastic composite zvinhu zvave hotspot yekutsvagisa mumunda wekugadzira zvinhu zvakasanganiswa mukati uye kunze kwenyika, nekuda kwemabhenefiti avo ekupikisa kwakanyanya, kusimba kwepamusoro, kushivirira kwekukuvara kwakanyanya, uye kunaka kwekupisa.Welding ne thermoplastic composite zvinhu zvinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya huwandu hwerivet uye bolt yekubatanidza muzvimiro zvendege, kuvandudza zvakanyanya kugadzirwa kwekugadzira uye kudzikisa mutengo wekugadzira.Zvinoenderana neAirframe Collins Aerospace, yekutanga-kirasi mutengesi wezvimiro zvendege, isina kupisa yakadzvanywa inogona kuumba weldable thermoplastic zvimiro zvine mukana wekupfupisa kutenderera kwekugadzira ne80% zvichienzaniswa nesimbi uye thermosetting composite zvikamu.
Kushandiswa kwehuwandu hwakakodzera hwezvinhu, kusarudzwa kweiyo yakanyanya hupfumi maitiro, kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa muzvikamu zvakakodzera, kubudirira kwezvakafanotemerwa zvibodzwa zvekugadzira, uye kuzadzikiswa kweiyo yakakodzera kuita kwemitengo yemitengo yezvigadzirwa kwagara kuri kutungamira. yekuedza kwevashandi vezvinhu zvakasanganiswa.Ini ndinotenda kuti mamwe maitiro ekuumba anozogadziriswa mune ramangwana kuti asangane nekugadzira dhizaini zvinodiwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-21-2023
